Microsoft advertised it was “discover,” however, actually utilized invisible keeps and functions to get a competitive advantage
Unjust Early Supply
Moreover, because of Microsoft’s installed base in operating systems, it was able to provide an unfair advantage to its applications in a variety of other ways, as well. For example, Microsoft based its own application programs on components m the operating system that it had unique or early access to. Brian Livingston. InfoWorld, Nov. 16. 1992, supra, at 98 (Ex. 19). That is, Microsoft provided a proprietary architecture with a supposedly “open” system. Morris and Charles H. Ferguson, Harv. Bus. Rev.. ple involves Microsoft’s “OLE” (object linking and embedding) standard.
Microsoft created interoperability among its own applications, and between its applications and its operating system, by creating a new standard, OLE, which copied functionality from Hewlett-Packard’s product New Wave. Stuart J. Johnston, Risky Liasons, InfoWorld, April 8, 1991, at 44. With market power on both sides of the interface (we.e., in both the applications and the operating system), Microsoft easily displaced the existing standard in favor of OLE. It embedded OLE functionality into both its operating system and applications, and it heavily marketed this new functionality using profits from its market position in operating systems. 70
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